Polish Army in France
When discussing World War II, the contribution of the Polish Army in France is an important and often overlooked chapter. This article delves into the formation, deployment and significant roles of this army, shedding light on its valuable role during the war.
Formation of the Polish Army in France
With the invasion of Poland in 1939, Polish forces fought valiantly against the German and Soviet armies but were eventually overwhelmed. Many Polish soldiers, however, managed to escape, and their journey led them to France. Recognising their courage and expertise, the French government agreed to the formation of a Polish army on its soil in late 1939.
How many Polish troops fought in France?
Estimates of the number of Polish troops who fought in France vary, but it is believed that between 80,000 to 100,000 Polish soldiers joined the French forces to defend their ally’s territory. These troops were part of the Polish Army in France, formed under the command of General Władysław Sikorski, who had become the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile.
The Polish soldiers were involved in several crucial battles during the campaign, particularly during the Battle of France in May and June 1940. One of the most notable instances of their bravery and determination was during the Battle of Montbard, where a Polish armored train named “Smok” (The Dragon) successfully engaged German forces.
Composition and Deployment of the Polish Army in France
The Polish Army in France, also known as the Polish Army in the West, consisted of various units, including infantry divisions, an armoured brigade, and an air force squadron. Despite shortages in equipment and some initial training hurdles, they were deployed in 1940 in anticipation of the German invasion.
Despite their valor, the rapid advance of the German army and the eventual fall of France put an end to their resistance efforts on French soil. Many Polish troops were forced to evacuate to the United Kingdom, where they would go on to play a pivotal role in subsequent Allied operations, particularly during the Battle of Britain.
The Polish Army in the Battle of France
The Polish Army played a significant role during the Battle of France in 1940. Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, they fought with tenacity and bravery. Notably, the 1st Grenadier Division made a stand at the Battle of Lille, holding off German forces and enabling the evacuation of British and French troops during the Dunkirk operation.
How to find the records of Polish soldiers in France?
In France, the Service Historique de la Défense (SHD) in Vincennes retains archives of the Polish forces in France. This institution holds a vast collection of personnel files, military unit diaries, and other related documents.
Another essential source is the Sikorski Institute in London. Named after Władysław Sikorski, the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile and Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces during World War II, this institution preserves extensive archives concerning the Polish military’s activities in the West.
Finding Records of Polish Soldiers in France
For instance, the National Digital Archives of Poland (NAC) is a treasure trove of information, holding military and personal documents related to Polish soldiers. Similarly, the Central Military Archive in Warsaw preserves military documentation from the 19th and 20th centuries, including World War II.
Lastly, resources such as the International Red Cross’s International Tracing Service can provide information about soldiers who were prisoners of war.